WORD FORMATION

A.    Back-Formation
Back-formation adalah salah satu cara pembentukan kata dengan cara mengurangi sebuah imbuhan yang dianggap menjadi bagian dari kata awal. Back-formation merubah kelas kata dan maknanya. Biasanya kata-kata tersebut diubah dari kata benda (noun) menjadi kata kerja (verb).
Contoh: Television menjadi televise. Editor menjadi edit.

B.    Extending Word Formation Rules
Sebuah kata baru mungkin dibentuk dari kata yang telah ada yang muncul untuk dianalisis-kata tersebut, terdiri lebih dari satu morpheme.
Kata bikini, sebagai contoh, adalah berasal dari sebuah pulau karang bernama Bikini dari Pulau Marshall. Semenjak suku kata pertama bi- dalam kata yang lain, seperti bi-polar, berarti “dua”, maka beberapa orang yang pintar menyebut sebuah setelan mandi tanpa penutup dada sebuah monokini. Contoh lain bicycle – monocycle.

C.    Abbreviations
Abbreviation sering juga disebut sebagai clipping. Clipping adalah pembentukan kata baru dengan mengurangi jumlah suku katanya. Berbeda dengan back-formation, clipping tidak mengubah kelas kata maupun maknanya. Clipping biasanya dibentuk oleh suku kata pertama, seperti Prof untuk Professor, Lab untuk Laboratory. Clipping juga bisa dibentuk oleh dua suku kata pertama, seperti Condo untuk Condominium. Dan ada juga yang dibentuk tidak sesuai dengan aturan di atas, seperti Phone untuk Telephone, Flu untuk Influenza.

D.    Words From Names
Sebuah daya cipta dari pembentukan kata baru sebuah bahasa (atau penambahan kosa kata) dinyatakan oleh jumlah kata dalam kosa kata Bahasa Inggris yang diperoleh dari nama individu atau tempat. Willard R. Espy telah menyusun sebuah buku yang terdiri dari 1.500 kata, seperti:
Sandwich : nama untuk Pangeran Sandwich ke-empat, yang meletakkan makanannya diantara dua irisan roti, jadi dia bisa memakannya ketika dia berjudi
Robot : setelah pembuat mesin di Ceko penulis Karel Capek bermain R.U.R, yang merupakan singkatan dari “Rossum’s Universal Robots”
Gargantuan : nama untuk ciptaan dengan nafsu makan yang besar oleh Rabelais
Jumbo : diberi nama setelah seekor gajah dibawa ke U.S oleh P.T. Barnum (“Jumbo olives” tidak sebesar seekor gajah, bagaimanapun juga)

E.    Inflectional Morphology
Pada dasarnya morphology dan syntax mempunyai perbedaan. Morphology adalah gabungan beberapa suku kata yang membentuk sebuah kata, sedangkan syntax adalah sekelompok kata yang membentuk sebuah kalimat. Namun, morphology dan syntax mempunyai hubungan yang saling terkait. Morphology bergantung kepada syntax, begitu juga sebaliknya syntax bergantung kepada morphology. Hubungan antara morphology dan syntax adalah syntax mempelajari tentang struktur kombinasi kata-kata dalam kalimat, sementara unsur-unsur pembentuk kalimat itu terdiri dari gabungan morpheme yang menjadi kata dan itu dipelajari dalam morphology.
Sementara itu, inflectional morpheme adalah termasuk bound morpheme yang membentuk kata baru tetapi tidak merubah kelas kata. Tuntutan perubahan ini didasari oleh grammatically saja. Contoh:
-    I sail the ocean blue
-    He sails the ocean blue
-    John sailed the ocean blue
-    John has sailed the ocean blue
-    John is sailing the ocean blue

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Listening Comprehension IV

This is Listening's File from Ms. Widi. You can download it freely. :)

• 1st Meeting - The Respondent. (Download)
• 2nd Meeting - Claudia & Tosio. (Download)
• 3rd Meeting - Dream Time. (Download)
• 4th Meeting - Mic House. (Download)
• 5th Meeting - Video Library. (Download)
• 6th Meeting - Accommodation. (Download)
• 7th Meeting - Degree of Business_Mid Term. (Download) 

#Report if Link is broken

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THE FORM’S ELEMENT OF POETRY

Like the other of literature genre, poetry also has a specific character. Poetry is not free style of writing. In making a poetry, we must pay attention to some rules to create it. The rules are called the form’s element of poetry.
1. Line
It is a single line of word in a poetry. We can say that line is “the sentence of poetry”.
2. Rhythm
Rhythm is the pattern of repeated sound.
3. Foot
Feet is a intonation of reading the poetry based on the dictionary. In the other word, feet is a regulation how to read the poetry. When you speak, you don't say everything in a steady tone like a “hum”-you'd sound funny-. Instead, you stress parts of words. You say different parts of words with different volume, and your voice rises and falls as if you were singing a song. Mostly, we don't notice we're doing it. Poetry in English is often made up of poetic units or “feet”. It consists of stresses (accented) and/or unstressed (unaccented). There is a rule how to determine a feet in a poetry.
4. Rhyme Scheme
Rhyme in poetry refers to the identity of sound at the ends of lines. "Rhyme" usually means end rhymes (words at the end of a line). They give balance and please the ear. Sometimes rhymes are exact. Other times they are just similar. Both are okay.
Rhyme scheme is the pattern of rhyme. For example:
Whose woods these are I think I know.
His house is in the village though;
He will not see me stopping here
To watch his woods fill up with snow.
The rhyme scheme is aaba (because "know", "though", and "snow" rhyme, they are marked "a", while "here" is another rhyme, and is marked "b")
Notice: rhyme is based on the sound, not the letter.
5. Stanza
Stanza is the smallest unit in a poetry. A grouping of lines, equivalent to a paragraph in prose, is called a stanza. Type of stanza based on the number of line:
•    Couplet (stanza composed two lines)
•    Triplet/ tercet (stanza composed three lines)
•    Quatrain (stanza composed four lines)
•    Cinquain (stanza composed five lines)
•    Sestet (stanza composed six lines)
•    Septet (stanza composed seven lines)
•    Octave (stanza composed eight lines)
•    Sonnet (stanza composed fourteen lines)

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THE ELEMENTS OF PROSE FICTION

1. Theme
Theme is the general idea of a story.
2. Setting
Setting is the information of the where the story occur and the time of the story. Setting also include a context (especially society) beyond the surround of the story, like culture, historical period, geography, and occupation.
3. Plot
Plot is the sequence of events.
4. Point of View
Point of view is the different angle to see the subject.
5. Character and Characterization
Character is an individual (usually a person) who play in a story. Characterization is the method used by the writer to develop a character.
6. Symbols
Symbols is the language style used by the author.
7. Atmosphere
Atmosphere is condition and emotion in a story.

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POINT OF VIEW IN PROSE

Point of view is relationship of the storyteller or narrator to the story. By the point of view, the author allows us to "see" and "hear" what's going on. The skillful of authors can makes the readers give attention to the story. Point of view is divided into two main kind.

First-person point of view
In the first person point of view, the narrator does participate in the action of the story. This point of view is used when a character narrates the story with I-me-my-mine in his or her speech. He or she can appears as main character or supporting character.
Third-person point of view 

Here the narrator does not participate in the action of the story as one of the characters. The writer may choose third-person omniscient, in which the writer know everything and his knowledge and prerogative are unlimited, or third-person limited, in which the writer know only in one angle.

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DETERMINE THE FEET IN A LINE OF POETRY

How to determine the feet in a line?

1. Determine how many syllables are there in the line;

2. Read naturally the sentence (in reading there must be stressed and unstressed syllables, these will be used to determine the kind of feet possesed by the line).

e.g.

Kinds of Feet 

1. Iambic: 1 unaccented followed by 1 accented

e.g.

2. Trochaic: 1 accented followed by 1 unaccented
e.g.

 

 3. Dactylic: 1 accented followed by 2 unaccented

e.g.

 4. Anapestic: 2 unaccented followed by 1 accented

e.g.

 5. Spondaic: 2 unaccented

e.g.

Metrical lines
Metric is the art or study of using meter/ syllabic pattern in poetry;

1. After discovering the pattern of the feet, the next step is to determine the meter;
2. To know the meter, just count how many patterns are in the line and put one of the name of line below after the name of the pattern.

e.g.

Note:

• The sentence is called iambic, since it has pattern one unstressed followed by one stressed;
• It has four feet, so that the meter is tetrameter;
• So the name of the above line is iambic tetrameter.

Source: http://awinlanguage.blogspot.com/2012/04/basic-versification-of-poetry.html

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SETTING IN LITERATURE

Setting is one of the fundamental elements in literature. For the basic knowledge, setting is just known as the “place” where the story occurs. Setting is another way of identifying the location where the story takes place. Further, setting is expanded to include time. In literary works, the setting include the historical moment in time and geographic location in which a story takes place. Setting has been also include a context (especially society) beyond the surround of the story. Elements of setting consist of culture, historical period, geography, and occupation.

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PLOT IN LITERATURE

1. The Definition of Plot
   Based on the free encyclopedia, plot is a literary term defined as the events that make up a story, particularly as they relate to one another in a pattern, in a sequence, through cause and effect, how the reader views the story, or simply by coincidence. As the conclusion, plot is the series or the sequences of event and action in a story.

2. The Elements of Plot
    a) Exposition
      In this section, there is introduction of character and setting. The exposition introduces all of the main characters in the story. It shows how they relate to one another, what their goals and motivations are, and the kind of person they are.
     b) Rising Action
     The conflict is started. The character now begin to struggle against one another.
     c) Climax
        The point of climax is the turning point of the story, where the protagonist plays his main role. Both the protagonist and the antagonist have a plan to win against the other. The climax often contains much of the action in a story, for example, a defining battle.
     d) Falling Action
       In the sense that the loose ends are being tied up. However, it is often the time of greatest overall tension in the play, because it is the phase in which everything goes most wrong. In this phase, the villain has the upper hand. It seems that evil will triumph. The protagonist has never been further from accomplishing the goal.
      e) Resolution 

         This is the final confrontation between protagonist and antagonist, which one of them win the conflict. Resolution has three type, they are:
           •    Happy Ending
           •    Tragic (Unhappy Ending)
           •    Open Ended (lack of resolution)

3. The Kinds of Plot
      a) Chronological Order
           This plot telling story from beginning until end
      b) Flashback
          As the opposite of chronological order, it telling story from end until beginning
       c) Episodic Plot
           Plot exists on each episode, but doesn’t out of the main plot
       d) Mixing Plot
           This is the combination of chronological and flashback plot.

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DEFINITION OF PROSE

Prose is one of literature genres which form is written expression without a formal pattern of verse or meter (as opposed to poetry). Prose lacks the more formal metrical structure of verse that is almost always found in traditional poetry. Prose consists of sentences which then constitute paragraph, rather than the individual lines and stanza as it is in poetry. The most distinguished prose than poetry especially by its greater irregularity and variety of rhythm. The main point of prose is just content, no rule to create it. Therefore, prose is also called free style of writing. The examples of prose are novels, essays, short stories, and works of criticism.

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NATURE OF LITERATURE

Literature is the expression of human’s feelings, ideas, imaginations, thoughts, experiences, and emotions which are applied in beautiful language whose purpose is to entertain.  Literature can be expressed by language, both oral and written. In other word, the medium of literature is language. The genres of literature are poetry, prose, and drama.

Literature is used when human use language in their communication. Its mean that the literature is used since Adam is created. Literature is the product of language. Without language we don’t know about literature. Because, the expression of language produce literature.

Literature is different from scientific work. They can differentiate based on the purpose in making them. While the function of scientific work is to give information, and the literature is to entertain the reader.

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THE CONTENT’S ELEMENT OF POETRY

Analyzing poetry is not only based on form’s element, but also we can use the other aspect that is content’s element. And below, it is the content’s element of poetry.
1. Theme
Theme is the general idea of a story. It is described by the used-words or phrases of the poetry.
2. Title
Title is the representation all of story
3. Point of View
Point of view is the different angle to see the subject. The author look something in the other glasses. It means we can find what the author’s opinion of something in different ways are.
4. Atmosphere
Atmosphere is included of the author’s mood and tone. They are pointed by emotional situation and the attitude of the author. The author shows them in selecting of word
5. Style
In poetry, the language that used is full of symbols, connotations, or figurative language. Style are represented or compare something else besides itself.
6. Message
Message is the value that the author wants to convey to us.

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WHAT IS POETRY ?

If we look for an answer to the question “what is poetry?”, we will find a lot of the definition of poetry. Everyone has their own definition. The definition of poetry is always complicated matter and makes us confused. Why is it that everyone can identify poetry, but no one can define it? This is indicate that how extremely important and meaningful poetry is.

Anyway, the general idea which refers to definition of poetry is one of literature form, that has specific rhythm, rhyme, and figurative language. Commonly, if it rhymed and have a rhythm, it probably was a poetry. In Oxford Dictionary, mentioned that poetry is literary work in which the expression of feelings and ideas is given intensity by the use of distinctive style and rhythm; poems collectively or as a genre of literature. The word of “poetry” is derived from Greek, “poiesis” which the meaning is “making”.

The further question is “what is the different between poetry and prose?”. The simple thing that make difference is, while prose is organized with sentences and paragraphs, poetry is organized into lines and stanza.

Actually, the poetry made is not to define. The fundamental things of poetry is its content.

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DEFINITION OF DRAMA

Drama is story written to be performed by actors. Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance. The term comes from a Greek word "dran" meaning "action", which is derived from "to do" or "to act". According to the modern definition, any play may be considered a drama.

The difference between drama and other forms of literature is the way the “audience” receives the texts. For example, drama is meant to be performed in the form of a play, skit, sitcom etc. The lines are read to the audience and they receive it that way. As for the other forms, the “audience” reads the text themselves whether it be a fictional novel, nonfictional texts (newspapers, magazines, textbooks) or anything that is read. Non-fictional information can be given in the form of a newscast or some TV show but this just delivers facts and is not acted. Some shows may be bases on real events but the way they are preformed is scripted, reenacted, and may contain fictional elements making it drama.

Drama is a favorite form of entertainment for many people, whether it is a play being performed live or a movie being shown at a movie theater. However, people may not be aware that the art of drama has been practiced and studied for many years. In 335 B.C., the philosopher Aristotle wrote a work called Poetics in which he outlined the most basic elements of drama that are still adhered to by actors and actresses today. Traditionally, drama performed on stage before an audience, but nowadays can refer to a TV show/movie/Broadway etc.

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THE GENRE OF DRAMA

Genre is a term that describes works of literature according to their shared thematic or structural characteristics. The drama was difference based on the elements of drama and common perception of people.
a) Comedy
A comedy makes us laugh when the play is well composed with the humorous elements. It refers to a play that is humorous, and that typically have happy endings.  The intent of a comedic play is to make the audience laugh. Composing a comical drama requires high level of intellect and perceptive faculties because provoking laughter is not something easy.
b) Tragedy
Tragedy is the drama exposes the plight and suffering of humans to its audience. It is play in which a main character suffers a down fall. Tragedy usually involves serious subject matter and the death of one or more main characters. The theme of a tragedy usually rotates around ruination of dynasty, downfall of man, emotional betrayals, moral setback, personal loss, death and denials. A tragedy when composed and enacted well can touch your sentiments deeply.
c) Musical
In musical drama, the story is told not only through dialogue and acting but through music and dance. Music, melody and dance play a significant role in a musical drama. The music should be in sync with the actions and the performer often uses dance as a means of self expression. The stage is equipped with a band of orchestra, well rehearsed with the plot and use of music. Musical drama became popular as opera, which is still considered to be intensely sensuous.
d)  Fantasy
It's a complete fictional work where characters virtually display supernatural skills. It's more appealing to children as fairies, angels, superheroes, etc are embedded in the plot. Use of magic, pseudo science, horror and spooky themes through various kinds of technical devices create a perfect world of fantasy. The modern version of drama incorporates a great deal of special effects.

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THE ELEMENTS OF DRAMA

These terms refer to aspects that must be present in order for a work of drama to be successful. The elements of drama may seem very similar to the elements of fiction, and they are. The difference is that drama has certain elements that make it unique in its own way. The most important elements are the audience and the characterization when it comes to the authors’ success. However, there can be other elements that can be very crucial.

Here is the element of drama.

A. Theme

The theme is the abstract issues and feelings that grow out of the dramatic action. What the play means as opposed to what happens (the plot). The theme of a drama refers to the central idea of the play. It can either be clearly stated through dialogue or action or can be inferred after watching the entire performance. Sometimes the theme is clearly stated in the title. Or it may be the theme is less obvious and emerges only after some study or thought.

B. Plot

The order of events occurring in a play is referred to as the plot of the drama. It is the basic storyline that is narrated through a play. Plot is the arrangement of the overall structure of dramatic literature. The plot is the literary element that describes the sequence of a story. In drama, plot is structured with acts and scenes.

C. Setting

The setting in dramatic literature is where the play takes place. It is everything about the place, including the time of day the play takes place. The playwright uses language to create the setting and the scenes tell the reader information about it.

D. Music

This element of drama comprises of the melody in the use of sounds and rhythm in dialogues as well as melodious compositions, which form a part of many plays. If the scenes of a play are accompanied by well-suited pieces of music, they become more effective on the audiences. Hence, music forms a very important element of drama.

Music is not a part of every play.  But, music can be included to mean all sounds in a production.  Music can expand to all sound effects, the actor’s voices, songs, and instrumental music played as underscore in a play.

E. Spectacle

Spectacle is the arrangement of the features of a drama. It is a design of everything that the audience sees as they watch the play. This refers to visual element. It include:

a)    The arrangement of stage

b)    Lighting Design

c)    Costume Design

d)    Makeup

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THE FEATURE OF DRAMA

Features of Drama is a distinctive characteristic of a drama. They are include:

A. Dialogue

The dialogue is the language the characters use. In the other word, dialogue is conversation between characters. In the script, preceded by the name of the character that is to speak the words. Dialogue reveals information about the character who is speaking and it tells the audience his attitude towards other characters. Dialogue also advances the story and helps set the tone of the play. Dialogue let us know how characters think and what their personalities are like.

Dialogue provides the substance of a play. The story of any play is taken forward by means of the dialogue. The story is narrated to the audiences through the dialogue written by the playwright. The success of a drama depends hugely on the contents of the dialogue and the quality of dialogue delivery by the actors of the play.

In dialogue, also available the scene. The scene is a subdivision of a play, where action takes place in one stage setting

B. Actors

These are the people presented in the play that are involved in drama. As in a drama, people or creatures that appear in a script by speaking or doing something (the "something" may be as simple as walking on stage, then walking off again) Each character should have their own distinct personality, age, appearance, beliefs, socioeconomic background, and language. Character is the most important element of literature. The protagonist is the central character in the play, while the antagonist is the character that opposes the protagonist. Minor characters are other characters in the play that may support the main characters. What determines the success of a play is the ability of the author to create characters that an actor can successfully “bring to life” as envisioned by the author.

C. Actions

Action is the process of actor in doing something which refers to his character.

D. To be performed on stage/in an audience

Stage is the part of a drama on which the acting takes place. Whereas the audience is people who watch the movie. The audience is the key element that distinct drama from all the other forms of literature.

E. Stage Director

Stage director is someone who supervises the actors and directs the action in the production of a stage show. Stage director directs actors for a show to be performed on stage.

A stage director manages all of the creative aspects of a drama production. The director’s responsibilities include interacting with script writers, auditioning and hiring performers, conducting rehearsals, overseeing the production crew, and making all other creative decisions. Giving post-performance feedback is also part of the stage director’s job, to keep performers aware of the production’s strengths as well as areas in need of improvement.

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BOOK REVIEW "SEKOLAHNYA MANUSIA"

TITLE               : SEKOLAHNYA MANUSIA
AUTHOR         : MUNIF CHATIB
PUBLISHER    : KAIFA
EDITION         : 7th
YEAR               : 2010
PAGE               : xxiv + 188

“Sekolahnya Manusia” (Human’s School) is the title of this book, because of after researched, many schools in this country are “robot’s school”, begin from the learning process, school’s success target, until the assessment system. The author is Munif Chatib, someone who intensely implement school-based Multiple Intelligences, that is school which appreciate the different types of students’ intelligence.

This book consists of five chapters. In Chapter I, the author tells the special moments, the moments of a teacher found a method that can transform the learning difficulties of students with the result is they are easy to understand lessons. Obviously, this process is successful after trying many ways. The process of finding the right learning method called discovering ability.

In Chapter II explained the theory of Multiple Intelligences which developed by Howard Gardner. Some of the things that emphasized by the authors of this chapter is the Gardner’s courage did redefinition of intelligence. Initially, people have relied that intelligence is determined by a formal test, but according to Gardner intelligence cannot be assessed and limited to formal tests. Another point highlighted by the authors is when MI (Multiple Intelligences) implemented at the school, came many obstacles and varied interpretations of this school.

In Chapter III, the author describes the indicators of excellent school, the school with the best process and not the best input. Generally, people think that excellent school is a school that approve new students with formal tests which very tight to screen students. However, in the application of MI, not using a formal test, but used MIR (Multiple Intelligences Research). MIR is limited only to know the students' intelligence, not an entrance test screening of new students.

In Chapter IV contains an explanation of the learning strategy with MI. The thing to understand is, MI is not a lesson, and it is not a curriculum. MI is a learning strategy that contains learning activities with a variety of models and activities. The author also explains how to design strategies in a lesson plan.

In Chapter V discussed about the process of assessment and reporting. Assessment is determined by the cognitive, psychomotor, and affective.

Reading this book is like encouraging us to look toward to our school and begin to consider bids in the book. Because in the book the excellent school concept which is generally understood have been refuted by offering things out of the ordinary public.

At least there are three attractive offers in this book to be adopted and developed as a form of innovation for our school. The offers are an excellent school’s concept, MIR as a test for new students, and placement of students in classes based on the tendency of students' learning styles.

The first bid is excellent school’s concept. Munif Chatif offers excellent school is school which not based on the best input it will be the best output, but the best process it will be the best output.

The second bid is MIR as a test for new students. The test results to determine a child is accepted or not accepted as a student at a school. The test results are information  for school to placement the students in the classroom. Information can also be used by teachers to provide the best service so that the learning experience is according to student’s learning styles.

The last bid is students are divided into classes according to their learning style. The consequence of that is the number of students in each class is not the same but depending MIR test and the result of new students’ interview.

This book is a must read for everyone who involve in education, include the parents. This book is beautifully enlightening us that no child is stupid, they just have different learning styles than in generally. The book is a new inspiring in learning approach that treats students as human beings with different potential and uniqueness of each to be developed maximally.

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LITERATURE VALUE

Before discuss about literature’s value, we should know the meaning of value. Value is an agreement of member society concerning what is bad or good. It is as regulation how to life of member society. So, we can say that value is guide line how to life.
The next question is, what is literature’s value?
Value in literature refers to qualities of poetry, prose’s, and dramas which makes them compatible to read or not.
The worthwhile of literature can be evaluated using those ways. 
1. Entertainment Value
By reading it, we can enjoy ourselves. Its indicator is, whether we’re enjoy pass the time by reading it. This value is subjective, so it cannot judge whether the literature good or bad
2. Political Value
Politic is how to manage power. The author lead our mind according him/her. It can change the way people live with and influence each other
3. Artistic Value
It helps us contemplate the reality of beauty and human creativity
4. Cultural Value
Discuss about the culture of ethnic. Indirectly, the author conserves the culture
5. Historical Value
It tell about past events. So, if we reading the literature we can know and understand about past.
6. Moral Value
We can learn what is right or wrong. It teaches the readers to live better.
7. Ethical Value
If reading it, helps us asks questions related to standards of a “good” life
8. Philosophy Value
The author lead us to contemplate about something. It explores human knowledge, how we know and what we know.

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ANALYZING POETRY

How to analyze a poetry? After we learn about the elements of poetry whether in form or content side, we can analyze the poetry entirely. And this is the steps.
1. Read the all of poetry
    It means to get understanding of poetry. If the poetry written in foreign language, we may translate it first
2. Interpret each stanza
    A poetry written in short text. The author usually uses the figurative language to represent something. Find the meaning word by word contextually
3. Decide of theme
    Find the general idea that the poetry talk about
4. Analyze atmosphere
    It is included of the author’s mood and tone. They are pointed by emotional situation and the attitude of the author. The author shows them in selecting of word
5. Find point of view
    Point of view is the different angle to see the subject. The author look something in the other glasses. It means we can find what the author’s opinion of something in different ways are.
6. Try to find the style
    The language of poetry is full of symbols, connotations, or figure of speeches. They are represent or compare something else besides itself.
7. Find the message
    After reading and comprehending the poetry, we are able to find the value that the author want to convey
8. Summarize
    As the result of understanding a poetry, we can make a summary of the poetry as a whole

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WOOD’S PHILOSOPHY

Wood, getting older, it can give more benefits. From top until bottom, it is very useful for living thing around it.

For years, its branch become long and has many twigs. Humans and animals can take shelter under it.

Year by year, its root crawl deeper in ground. The wind cannot fall down it easily.

All years, its stick get bigger and stronger. It can used for human’s need.

Through the years, it produce more fruits. It cater for humans and animals.

A number of years, its leaves get more. It supply oxygen for the world.

When it is still young, it need caring. We must give fertilizer and water. Over the years, it is not necessary at all.

SO DO WE !!!.

*in order to contemplate the meaning of Islamic new year 1434 H

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