DETERMINE THE FEET IN A LINE OF POETRY

How to determine the feet in a line?

1. Determine how many syllables are there in the line;

2. Read naturally the sentence (in reading there must be stressed and unstressed syllables, these will be used to determine the kind of feet possesed by the line).

e.g.

Kinds of Feet 

1. Iambic: 1 unaccented followed by 1 accented

e.g.

2. Trochaic: 1 accented followed by 1 unaccented
e.g.

 

 3. Dactylic: 1 accented followed by 2 unaccented

e.g.

 4. Anapestic: 2 unaccented followed by 1 accented

e.g.

 5. Spondaic: 2 unaccented

e.g.

Metrical lines
Metric is the art or study of using meter/ syllabic pattern in poetry;

1. After discovering the pattern of the feet, the next step is to determine the meter;
2. To know the meter, just count how many patterns are in the line and put one of the name of line below after the name of the pattern.

e.g.

Note:

• The sentence is called iambic, since it has pattern one unstressed followed by one stressed;
• It has four feet, so that the meter is tetrameter;
• So the name of the above line is iambic tetrameter.

Source: http://awinlanguage.blogspot.com/2012/04/basic-versification-of-poetry.html

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SETTING IN LITERATURE

Setting is one of the fundamental elements in literature. For the basic knowledge, setting is just known as the “place” where the story occurs. Setting is another way of identifying the location where the story takes place. Further, setting is expanded to include time. In literary works, the setting include the historical moment in time and geographic location in which a story takes place. Setting has been also include a context (especially society) beyond the surround of the story. Elements of setting consist of culture, historical period, geography, and occupation.

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PLOT IN LITERATURE

1. The Definition of Plot
   Based on the free encyclopedia, plot is a literary term defined as the events that make up a story, particularly as they relate to one another in a pattern, in a sequence, through cause and effect, how the reader views the story, or simply by coincidence. As the conclusion, plot is the series or the sequences of event and action in a story.

2. The Elements of Plot
    a) Exposition
      In this section, there is introduction of character and setting. The exposition introduces all of the main characters in the story. It shows how they relate to one another, what their goals and motivations are, and the kind of person they are.
     b) Rising Action
     The conflict is started. The character now begin to struggle against one another.
     c) Climax
        The point of climax is the turning point of the story, where the protagonist plays his main role. Both the protagonist and the antagonist have a plan to win against the other. The climax often contains much of the action in a story, for example, a defining battle.
     d) Falling Action
       In the sense that the loose ends are being tied up. However, it is often the time of greatest overall tension in the play, because it is the phase in which everything goes most wrong. In this phase, the villain has the upper hand. It seems that evil will triumph. The protagonist has never been further from accomplishing the goal.
      e) Resolution 

         This is the final confrontation between protagonist and antagonist, which one of them win the conflict. Resolution has three type, they are:
           •    Happy Ending
           •    Tragic (Unhappy Ending)
           •    Open Ended (lack of resolution)

3. The Kinds of Plot
      a) Chronological Order
           This plot telling story from beginning until end
      b) Flashback
          As the opposite of chronological order, it telling story from end until beginning
       c) Episodic Plot
           Plot exists on each episode, but doesn’t out of the main plot
       d) Mixing Plot
           This is the combination of chronological and flashback plot.

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DEFINITION OF PROSE

Prose is one of literature genres which form is written expression without a formal pattern of verse or meter (as opposed to poetry). Prose lacks the more formal metrical structure of verse that is almost always found in traditional poetry. Prose consists of sentences which then constitute paragraph, rather than the individual lines and stanza as it is in poetry. The most distinguished prose than poetry especially by its greater irregularity and variety of rhythm. The main point of prose is just content, no rule to create it. Therefore, prose is also called free style of writing. The examples of prose are novels, essays, short stories, and works of criticism.

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NATURE OF LITERATURE

Literature is the expression of human’s feelings, ideas, imaginations, thoughts, experiences, and emotions which are applied in beautiful language whose purpose is to entertain.  Literature can be expressed by language, both oral and written. In other word, the medium of literature is language. The genres of literature are poetry, prose, and drama.

Literature is used when human use language in their communication. Its mean that the literature is used since Adam is created. Literature is the product of language. Without language we don’t know about literature. Because, the expression of language produce literature.

Literature is different from scientific work. They can differentiate based on the purpose in making them. While the function of scientific work is to give information, and the literature is to entertain the reader.

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THE CONTENT’S ELEMENT OF POETRY

Analyzing poetry is not only based on form’s element, but also we can use the other aspect that is content’s element. And below, it is the content’s element of poetry.
1. Theme
Theme is the general idea of a story. It is described by the used-words or phrases of the poetry.
2. Title
Title is the representation all of story
3. Point of View
Point of view is the different angle to see the subject. The author look something in the other glasses. It means we can find what the author’s opinion of something in different ways are.
4. Atmosphere
Atmosphere is included of the author’s mood and tone. They are pointed by emotional situation and the attitude of the author. The author shows them in selecting of word
5. Style
In poetry, the language that used is full of symbols, connotations, or figurative language. Style are represented or compare something else besides itself.
6. Message
Message is the value that the author wants to convey to us.

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WHAT IS POETRY ?

If we look for an answer to the question “what is poetry?”, we will find a lot of the definition of poetry. Everyone has their own definition. The definition of poetry is always complicated matter and makes us confused. Why is it that everyone can identify poetry, but no one can define it? This is indicate that how extremely important and meaningful poetry is.

Anyway, the general idea which refers to definition of poetry is one of literature form, that has specific rhythm, rhyme, and figurative language. Commonly, if it rhymed and have a rhythm, it probably was a poetry. In Oxford Dictionary, mentioned that poetry is literary work in which the expression of feelings and ideas is given intensity by the use of distinctive style and rhythm; poems collectively or as a genre of literature. The word of “poetry” is derived from Greek, “poiesis” which the meaning is “making”.

The further question is “what is the different between poetry and prose?”. The simple thing that make difference is, while prose is organized with sentences and paragraphs, poetry is organized into lines and stanza.

Actually, the poetry made is not to define. The fundamental things of poetry is its content.

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DEFINITION OF DRAMA

Drama is story written to be performed by actors. Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance. The term comes from a Greek word "dran" meaning "action", which is derived from "to do" or "to act". According to the modern definition, any play may be considered a drama.

The difference between drama and other forms of literature is the way the “audience” receives the texts. For example, drama is meant to be performed in the form of a play, skit, sitcom etc. The lines are read to the audience and they receive it that way. As for the other forms, the “audience” reads the text themselves whether it be a fictional novel, nonfictional texts (newspapers, magazines, textbooks) or anything that is read. Non-fictional information can be given in the form of a newscast or some TV show but this just delivers facts and is not acted. Some shows may be bases on real events but the way they are preformed is scripted, reenacted, and may contain fictional elements making it drama.

Drama is a favorite form of entertainment for many people, whether it is a play being performed live or a movie being shown at a movie theater. However, people may not be aware that the art of drama has been practiced and studied for many years. In 335 B.C., the philosopher Aristotle wrote a work called Poetics in which he outlined the most basic elements of drama that are still adhered to by actors and actresses today. Traditionally, drama performed on stage before an audience, but nowadays can refer to a TV show/movie/Broadway etc.

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THE GENRE OF DRAMA

Genre is a term that describes works of literature according to their shared thematic or structural characteristics. The drama was difference based on the elements of drama and common perception of people.
a) Comedy
A comedy makes us laugh when the play is well composed with the humorous elements. It refers to a play that is humorous, and that typically have happy endings.  The intent of a comedic play is to make the audience laugh. Composing a comical drama requires high level of intellect and perceptive faculties because provoking laughter is not something easy.
b) Tragedy
Tragedy is the drama exposes the plight and suffering of humans to its audience. It is play in which a main character suffers a down fall. Tragedy usually involves serious subject matter and the death of one or more main characters. The theme of a tragedy usually rotates around ruination of dynasty, downfall of man, emotional betrayals, moral setback, personal loss, death and denials. A tragedy when composed and enacted well can touch your sentiments deeply.
c) Musical
In musical drama, the story is told not only through dialogue and acting but through music and dance. Music, melody and dance play a significant role in a musical drama. The music should be in sync with the actions and the performer often uses dance as a means of self expression. The stage is equipped with a band of orchestra, well rehearsed with the plot and use of music. Musical drama became popular as opera, which is still considered to be intensely sensuous.
d)  Fantasy
It's a complete fictional work where characters virtually display supernatural skills. It's more appealing to children as fairies, angels, superheroes, etc are embedded in the plot. Use of magic, pseudo science, horror and spooky themes through various kinds of technical devices create a perfect world of fantasy. The modern version of drama incorporates a great deal of special effects.

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THE ELEMENTS OF DRAMA

These terms refer to aspects that must be present in order for a work of drama to be successful. The elements of drama may seem very similar to the elements of fiction, and they are. The difference is that drama has certain elements that make it unique in its own way. The most important elements are the audience and the characterization when it comes to the authors’ success. However, there can be other elements that can be very crucial.

Here is the element of drama.

A. Theme

The theme is the abstract issues and feelings that grow out of the dramatic action. What the play means as opposed to what happens (the plot). The theme of a drama refers to the central idea of the play. It can either be clearly stated through dialogue or action or can be inferred after watching the entire performance. Sometimes the theme is clearly stated in the title. Or it may be the theme is less obvious and emerges only after some study or thought.

B. Plot

The order of events occurring in a play is referred to as the plot of the drama. It is the basic storyline that is narrated through a play. Plot is the arrangement of the overall structure of dramatic literature. The plot is the literary element that describes the sequence of a story. In drama, plot is structured with acts and scenes.

C. Setting

The setting in dramatic literature is where the play takes place. It is everything about the place, including the time of day the play takes place. The playwright uses language to create the setting and the scenes tell the reader information about it.

D. Music

This element of drama comprises of the melody in the use of sounds and rhythm in dialogues as well as melodious compositions, which form a part of many plays. If the scenes of a play are accompanied by well-suited pieces of music, they become more effective on the audiences. Hence, music forms a very important element of drama.

Music is not a part of every play.  But, music can be included to mean all sounds in a production.  Music can expand to all sound effects, the actor’s voices, songs, and instrumental music played as underscore in a play.

E. Spectacle

Spectacle is the arrangement of the features of a drama. It is a design of everything that the audience sees as they watch the play. This refers to visual element. It include:

a)    The arrangement of stage

b)    Lighting Design

c)    Costume Design

d)    Makeup

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THE FEATURE OF DRAMA

Features of Drama is a distinctive characteristic of a drama. They are include:

A. Dialogue

The dialogue is the language the characters use. In the other word, dialogue is conversation between characters. In the script, preceded by the name of the character that is to speak the words. Dialogue reveals information about the character who is speaking and it tells the audience his attitude towards other characters. Dialogue also advances the story and helps set the tone of the play. Dialogue let us know how characters think and what their personalities are like.

Dialogue provides the substance of a play. The story of any play is taken forward by means of the dialogue. The story is narrated to the audiences through the dialogue written by the playwright. The success of a drama depends hugely on the contents of the dialogue and the quality of dialogue delivery by the actors of the play.

In dialogue, also available the scene. The scene is a subdivision of a play, where action takes place in one stage setting

B. Actors

These are the people presented in the play that are involved in drama. As in a drama, people or creatures that appear in a script by speaking or doing something (the "something" may be as simple as walking on stage, then walking off again) Each character should have their own distinct personality, age, appearance, beliefs, socioeconomic background, and language. Character is the most important element of literature. The protagonist is the central character in the play, while the antagonist is the character that opposes the protagonist. Minor characters are other characters in the play that may support the main characters. What determines the success of a play is the ability of the author to create characters that an actor can successfully “bring to life” as envisioned by the author.

C. Actions

Action is the process of actor in doing something which refers to his character.

D. To be performed on stage/in an audience

Stage is the part of a drama on which the acting takes place. Whereas the audience is people who watch the movie. The audience is the key element that distinct drama from all the other forms of literature.

E. Stage Director

Stage director is someone who supervises the actors and directs the action in the production of a stage show. Stage director directs actors for a show to be performed on stage.

A stage director manages all of the creative aspects of a drama production. The director’s responsibilities include interacting with script writers, auditioning and hiring performers, conducting rehearsals, overseeing the production crew, and making all other creative decisions. Giving post-performance feedback is also part of the stage director’s job, to keep performers aware of the production’s strengths as well as areas in need of improvement.

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BOOK REVIEW "SEKOLAHNYA MANUSIA"

TITLE               : SEKOLAHNYA MANUSIA
AUTHOR         : MUNIF CHATIB
PUBLISHER    : KAIFA
EDITION         : 7th
YEAR               : 2010
PAGE               : xxiv + 188

“Sekolahnya Manusia” (Human’s School) is the title of this book, because of after researched, many schools in this country are “robot’s school”, begin from the learning process, school’s success target, until the assessment system. The author is Munif Chatib, someone who intensely implement school-based Multiple Intelligences, that is school which appreciate the different types of students’ intelligence.

This book consists of five chapters. In Chapter I, the author tells the special moments, the moments of a teacher found a method that can transform the learning difficulties of students with the result is they are easy to understand lessons. Obviously, this process is successful after trying many ways. The process of finding the right learning method called discovering ability.

In Chapter II explained the theory of Multiple Intelligences which developed by Howard Gardner. Some of the things that emphasized by the authors of this chapter is the Gardner’s courage did redefinition of intelligence. Initially, people have relied that intelligence is determined by a formal test, but according to Gardner intelligence cannot be assessed and limited to formal tests. Another point highlighted by the authors is when MI (Multiple Intelligences) implemented at the school, came many obstacles and varied interpretations of this school.

In Chapter III, the author describes the indicators of excellent school, the school with the best process and not the best input. Generally, people think that excellent school is a school that approve new students with formal tests which very tight to screen students. However, in the application of MI, not using a formal test, but used MIR (Multiple Intelligences Research). MIR is limited only to know the students' intelligence, not an entrance test screening of new students.

In Chapter IV contains an explanation of the learning strategy with MI. The thing to understand is, MI is not a lesson, and it is not a curriculum. MI is a learning strategy that contains learning activities with a variety of models and activities. The author also explains how to design strategies in a lesson plan.

In Chapter V discussed about the process of assessment and reporting. Assessment is determined by the cognitive, psychomotor, and affective.

Reading this book is like encouraging us to look toward to our school and begin to consider bids in the book. Because in the book the excellent school concept which is generally understood have been refuted by offering things out of the ordinary public.

At least there are three attractive offers in this book to be adopted and developed as a form of innovation for our school. The offers are an excellent school’s concept, MIR as a test for new students, and placement of students in classes based on the tendency of students' learning styles.

The first bid is excellent school’s concept. Munif Chatif offers excellent school is school which not based on the best input it will be the best output, but the best process it will be the best output.

The second bid is MIR as a test for new students. The test results to determine a child is accepted or not accepted as a student at a school. The test results are information  for school to placement the students in the classroom. Information can also be used by teachers to provide the best service so that the learning experience is according to student’s learning styles.

The last bid is students are divided into classes according to their learning style. The consequence of that is the number of students in each class is not the same but depending MIR test and the result of new students’ interview.

This book is a must read for everyone who involve in education, include the parents. This book is beautifully enlightening us that no child is stupid, they just have different learning styles than in generally. The book is a new inspiring in learning approach that treats students as human beings with different potential and uniqueness of each to be developed maximally.

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LITERATURE VALUE

Before discuss about literature’s value, we should know the meaning of value. Value is an agreement of member society concerning what is bad or good. It is as regulation how to life of member society. So, we can say that value is guide line how to life.
The next question is, what is literature’s value?
Value in literature refers to qualities of poetry, prose’s, and dramas which makes them compatible to read or not.
The worthwhile of literature can be evaluated using those ways. 
1. Entertainment Value
By reading it, we can enjoy ourselves. Its indicator is, whether we’re enjoy pass the time by reading it. This value is subjective, so it cannot judge whether the literature good or bad
2. Political Value
Politic is how to manage power. The author lead our mind according him/her. It can change the way people live with and influence each other
3. Artistic Value
It helps us contemplate the reality of beauty and human creativity
4. Cultural Value
Discuss about the culture of ethnic. Indirectly, the author conserves the culture
5. Historical Value
It tell about past events. So, if we reading the literature we can know and understand about past.
6. Moral Value
We can learn what is right or wrong. It teaches the readers to live better.
7. Ethical Value
If reading it, helps us asks questions related to standards of a “good” life
8. Philosophy Value
The author lead us to contemplate about something. It explores human knowledge, how we know and what we know.

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ANALYZING POETRY

How to analyze a poetry? After we learn about the elements of poetry whether in form or content side, we can analyze the poetry entirely. And this is the steps.
1. Read the all of poetry
    It means to get understanding of poetry. If the poetry written in foreign language, we may translate it first
2. Interpret each stanza
    A poetry written in short text. The author usually uses the figurative language to represent something. Find the meaning word by word contextually
3. Decide of theme
    Find the general idea that the poetry talk about
4. Analyze atmosphere
    It is included of the author’s mood and tone. They are pointed by emotional situation and the attitude of the author. The author shows them in selecting of word
5. Find point of view
    Point of view is the different angle to see the subject. The author look something in the other glasses. It means we can find what the author’s opinion of something in different ways are.
6. Try to find the style
    The language of poetry is full of symbols, connotations, or figure of speeches. They are represent or compare something else besides itself.
7. Find the message
    After reading and comprehending the poetry, we are able to find the value that the author want to convey
8. Summarize
    As the result of understanding a poetry, we can make a summary of the poetry as a whole

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WOOD’S PHILOSOPHY

Wood, getting older, it can give more benefits. From top until bottom, it is very useful for living thing around it.

For years, its branch become long and has many twigs. Humans and animals can take shelter under it.

Year by year, its root crawl deeper in ground. The wind cannot fall down it easily.

All years, its stick get bigger and stronger. It can used for human’s need.

Through the years, it produce more fruits. It cater for humans and animals.

A number of years, its leaves get more. It supply oxygen for the world.

When it is still young, it need caring. We must give fertilizer and water. Over the years, it is not necessary at all.

SO DO WE !!!.

*in order to contemplate the meaning of Islamic new year 1434 H

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AS PURE AS LOVE OF A FAMILY

"Sorry, your blood type is incompatible"
"What, doc?! Doesn’t match?"
The chiming clock seemed to stop. The sky falls over. The earth was flat. Just leave me alone who powerless to face the reality. My chest crammed with a thousand questions.

***

In the morning,  I have arrived at the office enthusiastically. This afternoon I was scheduled to attend a meeting with one of the foreign investors who will invest in my company. My father was the one who raised the company hard-earned to become one of the properties company which calculated on a national scale. And now, I was became CEO replace him after he retired because of age factor. I'm so grateful to be born in the wealthy family. But I do not want to fall asleep with all that, I have to keep hard working so that the company can still survive, because the current competition in the business world that is increasingly intense.
My phone is ringing.
"Your mother is hospitalized. Go home quickly"
Brief. But upset me. So the meeting with a client who had just started, I cancel by family reasons.
Immediately I go to the car with a bit hurry. I drive a little rush on the streets of the city that is not too crowded. My aim is one. Come to the hospital immediately and knew my mother’s condition.
Half hour later I arrived at the hospital. Soon I meet my father who was waiting in front of the ICU.
"Be patient, my son. Just pray. Hopefully your mom can get through it all safely”, dad calm me down.
"How's mom now?”, I asked.
"She suffered serious bleeding in the head. Now doctors are still running the operation".
Dad told me that my mother had an accident while she went to the market. When crossing the street, there was a motorcycle crashed into my mother. She was thrown several feet into the side of the road. Her head hit the pavement. However, the motorcycle which hit her running somewhere.
I get stuck, exactly regret. This morning, before I go to office, my mother asked me to accompany her to the market.
"My son, before you go to office, please take me to the market", she said. Unusually, my mother asked me to take her to the market. Mom would rather go by public transportation. But this time, she wants me to take her.
"I'm sorry ma'am. I can’t. This morning there is a meeting in the office. You can go by taxi”, I replied.
Immediately I rushed to the office. I don’t forget to kiss my mother's hand when saying goodbye. My mother was silent. I wonder what her feelings at that time.
Ssrrrttt. Operating room door opened, interrupting my reverie. A doctor go out with shabbily face.
"How's my mom, doc?" asked me worriedly. My father immediately get up from his seat.
"Your mother was bleeding quite badly. She needs blood immediately. But your mother's blood belongs to a rare type. This hospital does not keep blood stocks that match with your mother's blood. If in 24 hours your mother did not undergo blood transfusion, she is at risk of amnesia", explained the doctor.
"Just take my blood, doc”
"Don’t, my son. We wait for your sister who will be here soon", my father, who had been silent, now stop me.
I was a little surprised. At the urgent as it is now, why dad calm. It seems the father was hiding something from me.
"But mom at need it now, dad", I said distinctly. My father is silent.
"If there are no more problems, please do transfusions. Immediately contact the Blood Bank", said the doctor give the order.

***

Many times in this day I get stuck. I look closely a letter that I get from the hospital. There's a lot of impossibility that I don’t understand. It’s impossible that my blood incompatible with my mother's blood. It’s impossible that I misread the results of these blood tests. It’s impossible that the hospitals wrong do blood tests. And what impossibility else which I must understand after this.
I leave the room with heavy steps. I see my father has been with Silvia. My sister had turned up when I was at the doctor earlier. Dad look at me. Maybe he can guess my misunderstand of what had happened.
"Let your sister donate her blood for your mother," the father calm.
"Yes, brother, let me donate blood for our mother," my sister said. Maybe my father had told her before. She immediately go to transfuse blood bank.
"Who am I, Dad?" I urge my father to tell the truth.
Dad take a deep breath. He try to choose the right words to say. "Maybe after all this time keep it a secret, now is the time for you to know what you are. 27 years ago, your family had an accident. Your whole family died. Only you are survived. Your family is our neighbor. Because of no one will care for you, we intend to adopt you as our son. At that time we don’t have children. After 2 years, then your sister was born ".
My chest is tight, my tears come out by itself with the flow of our family memories. Although it is all about a beautiful memory, but still makes me sad. My body is like in the dark and cold, in my chest there is underground cave which is so large and dark.

***

I stand in front of our house. I open the door lazily. I look every part of the house that be a silent prove of the journey of my life. My eyes stopped at the big picture in the middle of the living room. The photo was taken just as the Lebaran Idul Fitri two years ago. I look at every face of 4 people in the photo. Recently I realize there is one person who does not have any resemblance with 3 other people. And that person is me.
I lay down on the sofa. Slowly I breathe the air in the afternoon which is not too friendly to me. I just close my eyes. A glimpse of a shadow flashed moments of our time together as a family. The image make me little calm. I have to convey to them my decision even hard for me to do.

***

Silvia come over to my father.
"What happen, daughter," asked my father.
"Everything is well, Dad. My blood is matched with the mother's blood", said Silvia.
After a silence so long, Silvia asked back to my father. "Where is Ferdy, Dad"
"I do not know. He immediately go out after I told everything to him"
"Let him calm down first. But what if he wants to go away from this family?"
"I also think so, too. Your brother was adult. I'm sure he can take the right decision. Although in the end he chose to leave us all. I understand his feelings now. Actually I never differentiate both of you. "
All was silent. Busy with each mind.

***

The hallways of the hospital room is getting quiet. Night is getting late. In corner of the building, in groups of patients attendants spread a mat to sleep. Some of them are still chat. Most of the others have slept because of tired.
Treatment room was located at the south end of the hospital. Above the door written ''ICU", not all attendants may enter the room. On the bed, a middle-aged woman lying limp. She uses an oxygen tube, breathing fluctuates irregularly. Beside her, two men sitting faithfully.
Soon I open the door, and I come near to the woman. I hug her. I kiss her hand longer and don’t loose it. Once again in one day my tears flow.
"I'm sorry, ma'am."
"Thanks to God, your mom can through the critical period. We hope that she conscious quickly." while rubbing my back, my father get up to speak to me.
I turn my body. I hug two men earlier. "Thank you everyone. I'm happy with this family. Let me repay it all".

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LABILE

Bang!!!
I'm blank...
Wanna be drunk...
Go anywhere while sing a song...
But, don't know what I've sung...
Although it is not too long...
Ting Tong Ting Tong...
All of people are mocking...
Who am I? Think!!!
Hahahaha...
I'm just annoying...

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THE END

Let this country go to hell
With its bad smell
There is no way to get well

Government's promises is like a big sell
Political party enjoy making a yell
Corrupter stay happily at cell
I hate to tell

Let this country go to hell
With its bad smell

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WHAT IF

What if Devils worship to Adam?
What if women don't have vagina?
What if Indonesia Raya is Dangdut Genre?
What if there aren't animals and plants?
What if Einstein be our president?
What if we can get everything?
What if till the end, we shouldn't ask "what if" anymore?

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THE LEGEND OF TAN UNGGAL

In 15th century, there was a king who had a kingdom at the riverbank of Sambas River. The story begun when a baby was found in somewhere on an island. The baby was found by a Nobleman in a sprout when it was pared. Nobleman named the baby Tan Unggal which was meant having one tooth. Tan Unggal grew up fast. He was very strong and undefeatable. He became a cruel king in Sambas Regency who had two children.

One day, his son named Bujang Nadi and his daughter named Dare Nandung talked to each other in park of the palace. Bujang Nadi said, “I will not get married if I do not meet a mate as beautiful as you”. “So do I my brother, I will not get married ii I do not meet a mate as handsome as you”, Dare Nandung continue. This conversation was heard by a Tan Unggal’s sentinel. His sentinel told to Tan Unggal that his children loved each other. Without any consideration, after hearing the information, he punished Bujang Nadi and Dare Nandung by burying them alive in one grave in somewhere around Sebedang lake. Their funeral was completed with the household that made of gold and a cock which were inserted in their grave, as the sign whether they were still alive or dead.

Tan Unggal was very cruel not only towards his children but also his people. Many offenders were condemned to die by Tan Unggal in his age rule. Moreover, no one could criticize him. He would consider it as rebellion and he would torture the rebellion as bad as possible. Because of his cruelty, his people evolved a big plan to topple Tan Unggal. The people knew that Tan Unggal was a strong king. But, the people’s brain was also “strong”. The people deceived Tan Unggal by telling Tan Unggal that Majapahit troop would attack Sambas with their massive number. Tan Unggal was very afraid of this information. He asked for advice how to avoid facing Majapahit troop. First, he planned to go away from his kingdom, but the people said, “Don’t do that my lord, our region was surrounded by their troop”. “It is very impossible to escape”, the people continued. Finally, he decided to hide in a steel coffin. The people said that they would hide the coffin in somewhere so that it would not be found by Majapahit troop. And then the people locked him in the coffin an sank it in deep river. Before sinking, Tan Unggal swore, he said, “Those who do not ask for permission when passing this river will be sunk”.

After his death, the people were independent an free from king’s cruelty. Unfortunately, many peculiar events happened somewhere around Sebedang lake where Bujang Nadi and Dare Nandung was buried. The villagers often heard crowing cock in the midnight and at the center of the lake. Not only that, sometimes, the left remaining damnation of Tan Unggal became real. Many boats and small ships were sunk right in the place where Tan Unggal drowned down. This accident will occur on those who do not ask for permission from Tan Unggal. So, if they want to pass that river they will say, “Oh my lord, Tan Unggal, I want to ask for permission to pass this river”

*) Story from Sambas, West Borneo

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LINK EXCHANGE

Link exchange is the process of exchanging links with other related websites with the objective of getting related traffic and page rank.


Copy Paste this code or put this blog link into your blog. I will put your after that. Please inform me by leaving comment below.

<center>

<a href="http://english-super.blogspot.com/" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="http://i1272.photobucket.com/albums/y381/Kerangge/D_zps93083415.gif" style="height: 120px; width: 120px;" /></a></center>

THE RESULT :

<center>
<a href="http://english-super.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">ENGLISH SUPER</></a></center>

THE RESULT :

ENGLISH SUPER
 

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    FRIEND'S LINKS AND BANNERS  

       

 

ZUL AMRI DURIN NAFIS

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This is Me

^_^ Aha..!!! This is my best smile that I give for you, who are very lucky because find out my blog. Hehe. OK, I know you are not patient to know what is the content of my site. Calm down. It will be, InsyaAllah very useful for you. Yups, at the last, you will know that I’m very talented in blogging. Ckckck. Eits, but there are many people more talented than me, include you.:)
Ok, let me introduce myself. My name is Dendi Kurniawan. You can call me Dendi or whatever so long as it’s nice to listen. I have facebook account. My facebook profile named Dendi Kerangge. That’s why I also known as Kerangge. And one in the future, I will make “Kerangge Foundation” which handle education problems. Amin.
Now, I study in English Education Department. That’s why the contents of my blog is all about English. Because I want to practice my ability and share it to you all, my friends. English is one of international language, so it is very useful in our daily life. Did you know? According to George Weber, English is the most influential language in the world. So, if we can mastering English, in the other word, the world is in our hand. I realized that my knowledge about English is just a little. But in my opinion, the problem is not many or less your skill. The most important thing is how far your ability give beneficial to the other. Isn’t it?
This blog not only about English material, but also available for opinion, short story, drama, poetry, tourism, blog tutorial, etc. Certainly there is not my diary, I know that is shameful thing I have done. Well I promise, I will prepare all for you. Just for you. Finally, I hope my writing is able to hypnotize you to visit my blog always. Don’t forget to go to english-super.blogspot.com again. You will get an amazing experience. May it happen. :)

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PUTRI SERAYI BEACH IS FAVORITE TOURISM SITE IN SAMBAS

Putri Serayi Beach is one of favorite tourism sites in Sambas Regency, West Borneo, that has placed in South China Sea side. It has white sands spread out along 3 kilometers. It also gives a beautiful panorama, particularly a wide and calm sea. Besides that, coconut trees that grow in side of beach offer coolness and pleasure to tourists and they can drink fresh pale coconut water. In addition, it is surrounded by many hills and big stones that appear before the beach. The spread of sands and the wide coconut plantations are very suitable for exercising, camping, sunbathing, and the other of recreation activities. The beach that can be passed by motorcycle and car this, very beautiful and comfortable for relaxing while fishing and be able to see sunset.

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